This Infographic is provided by the U.S. Department of Defense. It relates to the Disinformation originated by the cyber warfare operations of foreign countries. However, other Disinformation, including domestic Political and Media originated Disinformation, spreads through similar channels.
Graphic by U.S. Department of Defense.[1]
Another illustration of how Disinformation is spread in the domestic political and social media context is provided in this graphic by the Technology & Social Change Project of the Shorenstein Center for Media, Politics and Public Policy and published in that organization’s Media Manipulation Casebook:
Graphic by Technology & Social Change Project of Shorenstein Center for Media, Politics and Public Policy;
Published in Shorenstein Center’s Media Manipulation Casebook.[2]
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Notes:
1. See, Disinformation, English Language Spread; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation; accessed December 17, 2021.
2. Media Manipulation Casebook, Shorenstein Center for Media, Politics and Public Policy; https://mediamanipulation.org/methods; accessed December 17, 2021.
